Dramatic escarpments characterize the public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and other agencies on the Colorado Plateau. The San Rafael Swell in Utah rises 2,000 feet, as do the Grand Wash Cliffs on the western Colorado Plateau on the Nevada-Arizona border. Fossil Creek, now a wild and scenic river, originally was part of a hydroelectric development that has now been decommissioned. Designated wilderness areas preserve canyons to the south and west of Flagstaff, including Sycamore Canyon in a wilderness of the same name and West Fork Oak Creek (Red Rock-Secret Mountain Wilderness). Also, volcanoes that are part of the San Francisco Peaks area such as Kendrick Mountain and Strawberry Crater, as well as Humphreys Peak itself, are included in wilderness areas.
XIV. National Wild and Scenic River (WSR) System
Fossil Creek, Coconino and Tonto NFs, Arizona (location 46 on map). Located on the north side of the Mazatzal Wilderness and included in the Fossil Springs Wilderness, this area is the most diverse riparian area in Arizona. The 17-mile WSR segment originates in a series of artesian springs. Because the water is saturated with calcium carbonate, it forms travertine formations. Ecoregion NA503.
Verde River, Coconino, Prescott, and Tonto NFs, Cedar Bench and Mazatzal Wildernesses, Arizona (37). The largest perennial stream in Arizona flows through riparian deciduous forest and supports five native fish. Surrounding vegetation is grassland, conifers, chaparral and Sonoran scrub. The 40-mile section downstream from Camp Verde and Horseshoe Reservoir is the designated section and contains bluffs and canyons. Ecoregion NA503.
Virgin River, Zion NP and BLM Lands, Utah (35). This designation includes 36 designated stream reaches, all of which flow through Zion NP. Ecoregion NA1304. Streams in the wild and scenic river system are:
- Taylor Creek, located east of I-15 in the Kolob Section of Zion NP, draining the Hurricane Cliffs
- North Fork Taylor Creek, ditto
- Middle Fork Taylor Creek, located in Zion NP and BLM lands; the Taylor Creek Trail provides access
- South Fork Taylor Creek, dlocated in Zion NP and BLM lands
- Timber Creek, a right bank tributary of La Verkin Creek in the Kolob Section of Zion NP east of I-15; the La Verkin Creek Trail provides access
- La Verkin Creek in Zion NP and BLM lands to the north and south of the park
- Willis Creek, a left bank tributary of La Verkin Creek in the Kolob Section of Zion NP; the La Verkin Creek Trail provides access
- Beartrap Canyon, ditto
- Hop Valley Creek, a left bank tributary of La Verkin Creek in the Kolob Section of Zion NP
- Currant Creek, a left bank tributary of La Verkin Creek in the Kolob Section of Zion NP
- Cane Creek, a left bank tributary of Currant Creek in the Kolob Section of Zion NP
- Smith Creek, a left bank tributary of La Verkin Creek on BLM lands
- North Creek and its left and right forks, Zion NP
- Wildcat Canyon (Blue Creek), a right bank tributary of the Left Fork North Creek in Zion NP
- Little Creek, a right bank tributary to Left Fork North Creek in Zion NP
- Russell Gulch, a right bank tributary to Left Fork North Creek in Zion NP
- Grapevine Wash, a right bank tributary to Left Fork North Creek in Zion NP and on BLM lands
- Pine Spring Wash, a right bank tributary to Left Fork North Creek in Zion NP
- Wolf Springs Wash, a right bank tributary to Pine Spring Wash in Zion NP
- Kolob Creek, a right bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River in Zion NP and BLM lands
- Oak Creek, a left bank tributary to Kolob Creek on BLM lands
- Goose Creek, a right bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River in Zion NP
- Deep Creek, a right bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River in Zion NP and on BLM lands
- North Fork of Virgin River in Zion NP and BLM lands
- Imlay Canyon, a right bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River, Zion NP
- Orderville Canyon, a left bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River, Zion NP
- Mystery Canyon, ditto
- Echo Canyon, ditto; the East Rim Trail provides access
- Behunin Canyon, a right bank tributary to North Fork Virgin River, Zion NP
- Heaps Canyon, ditto; the Emerald Pools Trail provides access
- Birch Creek, ditto
- Oak Creek, ditto
- Clear Creek, a left bank tributary of Pine Creek, Zion NP
- Pine Creek, a left bank tributary of North Fork Virgin River, Zion NP
- East Fork Virgin River, Zion NP; closed to public access
- Shunes Creek, a left bank tributary to East Fork Virgin River, Zion NP and BLM lands
XV. National Wilderness Areas
Apache Creek Wilderness, Chino Valley Ranger District, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (location 47 on map). Pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine forests dominate. Ecoregion NA503.
Beartrap Canyon Wilderness, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (35). This finger of a mesa and the upper end of Beartrap Canyon are adjacent to the Kolob area of Zion NP. Ecoregion NA1304.
Blackridge Wilderness, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (42). This area to the south of the Kolob area of Zion NP offers views into the canyons of the park. Ecoregion NA1304.
Box-Death Hollow Wilderness, Escalante Ranger District, Dixie NF, Utah (4). Pine Creek runs through a steep north-south canon known at the box. Death Hollow Creek is to the east. Ecoregion NA 1304.
Canaan Mountain Wilderness, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (48). A plateau bounded by 2,000-foot cliffs contains natural arches, slot canyons, and is topped by a ponderosa pine forest. The site is just to the south of Zion NP. Ecoregion NA1304.
Castle Creek Wilderness, Bradshaw Ranger District, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (49). This area is characterized by rugged topography with chaparral at higher elevations and saguaro cactus at lower elevations. Ecoregion NA503.
Cedar Bench Wilderness, Verde Ranger District, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (50). This wilderness includes the divide between the Verde and Agua Fria Rivers and is covered with chaparral vegetation. It borders the Coconino NF and Tonto NF. Ecoregion NA503.
West Clear Creek Wilderness, Red Rock Ranger District, Coconino National Forest, Arizona (2). This 20-mile long canyon cuts into the Mogollon Rim, creating 1,000-foot walls. Vegetation is pine and fir at higher elevations and pinyon-juniper at lower elevations. Ecoregion NA503.
Cottonwood Canyon Wilderness, Red Cliffs National Conservation Area, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (17). An extension of the Zion NP topography of sheer cliffs and seeps, this area contains species from both the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau. Ecoregions NA1304 and NA1308.
Cottonwood Forest Wilderness, Dixie National Forest, Utah (51). The sheer cliffs and seeps typical of adjacent Zion NP extend in to this area to the west of I-15. Ecoregion NA1304.
Cottonwood Point Wilderness, BLM Arizona Strip Field Office, Arizona (29). On the east side of Colorado City is a landscape reminiscent of Zion NP, including 1,000-foot cliffs surrounding a canyon in a 6,000-foot elevation plateau. Ecoregion NA1304.
Dark Canyon Wilderness, Manti-LaSal NF, Utah (52). Colored walls of sandstone block light in the morning and late afternoon in Dark and Woodenshoe Canyons. Hiking is available from ten trailheads. Ecoregion NA1304.
Deep Creek Wilderness, BLM St. George District, Utah (35). To the north of Zion NP, the canyon of Deep Creek and Box Canyon are included. Ecoregion NA1304.
Deep Creek North Wilderness, BLM St. George District, Utah (35). Federal lands around Crystal and Deep Creek to the north of the Deep Creek Wilderness are included in this area, which supports trees and shrubs at 6,000 foot elevation. Ecoregion NA1304.
Fossil Springs Wilderness, Red Rock Ranger District, Coconino National Forest (46), Arizona. The most diverse riparian ecosystem in Arizona, with 30 tree species and abundant wildlife. Sandrock Canyon and Calf Pen Canyon are at the upper end of the wilderness. Ecoregion NA503.
Four Peaks Wilderness, Mesa Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (13). Rising from a saguaro-covered desert, four isolated mountains reach over 7,000 feet and include chaparral and Douglas fir vegetation. The Wata Mountains and Painted Cliffs on Apache Lake are included in the wilderness. There is a 40-mile trail network. Ecoregions NA503 and NA1310.
Goose Creek Wilderness, BLM St. George District, Utah (35). This small high desert area adjoins Zion NP and protects a portion of the 1,000-foot deep Goose Creek Canyon where it is outside of the national park. Ecoregion NA1304.
Grand Wash Cliffs Wilderness, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona (15). Twelve miles of towering cliffs in two giant 1,000-foot steps mark the boundary between the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau. The first step is the Grand Wash Cliffs and the upper step is the Hidden Rim. Ecoregion NA1304.
Granite Mountain Wilderness, Bradshaw Ranger District, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (43). Mountains covered with pinyon-juniper and chaparral overlook Prescott; the Granite Mountain NRT is within the wilderness. Ecoregion NA503.
Hellsgate Wilderness, Payson Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (53). At the base of the Mogollon Rim, this wilderness with perennial streams such as Tonto Creek has waterfalls and unusual rock formations. Ecoregion NA503.
Juniper Mesa Wilderness, Chino Valley Ranger District, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (47). A flat-topped mountain with south-facing cliffs supports vegetation of ponderosa pine as well as juniper. Ecoregion NA503.
Kachina Peaks Wilderness, Peaks Ranger District, Coconino National Forest, Arizona (6). The 12,643-foot Humphreys Peak volcano, accessible by trail, shows evidence of Ice Age glaciation. The volcano was active until about 400,000 years ago. The volcano rim is accessible via Inner Basin Trail. Also in the wilderness are Agassiz Peak, Doyle Peak, and Fremont Peak. Ecoregion NA503.
Kanab Creek Wilderness, North Kaibab Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, and BLM Arizona Strip District, Arizona (54). Gorges 4,000 feet deep have been cut by Kanab Creek, Snake Gulch, Jumpup Canyon, Slide Canyon, and Sowats Canyon on the north side of the Grand Canyon and the west side of the Kaibab Plateau. Ecoregion NA503 and NA1304.
Kendrick Mountain Wilderness, Coconino and Kaibab NFs, Arizona (55). Kendrick Peak is a 10,000-foot volcano to the west of the Kachina Peaks and northwest of Flagstaff. There are three trails leading to the mountain top. Ecoregion NA503.
La Verkin Creek Wilderness, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (35). On the north side of the Kolob Canyon area of Zion NP, this includes a couple of miles of the La Verkin Creek and Bear canyons. Vegetation is pines, juniper, and scrub oak. Upstream the Nature Conservancy protects the headwaters of the creek via conservation easements on 2,700 acres of ranch properties at Kanarra Mountain. Ecoregion NA1304.
Mazatzal Wilderness, Payson Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (37). Canyons of the Verde and East Verde River are vegetated with Sonoran Desert shrubland rising to grassland, chaparral, pinyon-juniper, and ponderosa pine. The 252,000-acre area is one of the original wildernesses designated under the 1964 Wilderness Act. Ecoregion NA503.
Mount Logan Wilderness, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona (56). On the west side of the nearly 8,000-foot mountain is a large natural amphitheater called Hell’s Hole. The area also includes the Uinkaret Plateau, Mount Emma, and Bull Point. Ecoregion NA1304.
Mount Trumbull Wilderness, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona (56). This 8,000-foot mesa supports an old growth ponderosa pine forest. Ecoregion NA1304.
Munds Mountain Wilderness, Red Rock Ranger District, Coconino National Forest, Arizona (45). The red-rock formations Courthouse Butte and Bell Rock dominate this wilderness southeast of Sedona, which also includes Woods Canyon and Horse Mesa. Hot Loop and Jacks Canyon Trails lead to Munds Mountain. Ecoregion NA503.
Paiute Wilderness, BLM Arizona Strip District, Arizona (15). Preserves the Virgin Mountains south of I-15 in northwestern Arizona. The 8,000-foot Mount Bangs and Sullivan Canyon are major features. The northern part is the Virgin River Narrows along I-15. The southern part includes Black Rock Mountain, Sand Cove and Pocum Cove and is in the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument. Ecoregion NA1304 and NA1308.
Paria Canyon-Vermillion Cliffs Wilderness, Vermillion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona-Utah (18). The Arizona portion, including the Paria Canyon and Vermillion Cliffs, is described under the National Landscape Conservation System, Vermillion cliffs NM. The wilderness includes the Coyote Buttes, the Paria River canyon, and the Vermillion Cliffs along US Route 89A. The slot canyon formed by the Paria River is only three feet in width in places, and can be quickly inundated by a 20-foot wall of water following a rain. The Utah portion includes the Buckskin Gulch, a tributary of the Paria. Ecoregion NA1304.
Pine Mountain Wilderness, Verde Ranger District, Prescott National Forest (50). This wilderness is located on the Verde Rim in the Prescott and Tonto National Forests and is covered with a sky island of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir at higher elevations. It is located to the northwest of Mazatzal Wilderness and to the east of Agua Fria National Monument. Ecoregion NA503.
Red Butte Wilderness, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (35). This small wilderness borders the southern portion of the Kolob Section of Zion National Park and includes Red Butte, which rises 500 feet above the Lower Kolob Plateau. Ecoregion NA1304.
Red Mountain Wilderness, Red Cliffs National Conservation Area, BLM St. George Field Office, Utah (17). This is a vast expanse of red sand and slickrock with pinyon-juniper vegetation, located to the west of Snow Canyon State Park. Ecoregion NA1304.
Red Rock-Secret Mountain Wilderness, Red Rock Ranger District, Coconino National Forest, Arizona (57). High flat-topped mountains jut out into 1,500-foot deep canyons and dominate this wilderness in the Red Rock country north of Sedona. Included are West Fork Oak Creek, Wilson Mountain NRT, Casner Mountain, and Secret Mountain. The hike up the West Fork Oak Creek is considered one of the most scenic in Arizona. A natural red sandstone bridge called Devil’s Bridge is also included. Ecoregion NA503.
Saddle Mountain Wilderness, North Kaibab Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, Arizona (58). This is the ‘East Rim’ of the Grand Canyon. This escarpment shaped like a saddle and horn on the north edge of Grand Canyon National Park has pinyon-juniper and pine-fir at higher elevations. Features included are Saddle Mountain, the Cocks Combs, and Tater Canyon. Ecoregion NA1304.
Salome Wilderness, Pleasant Valley Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (59). Salome Creek drains this area of canyons north of Theodore Roosevelt Lake, south of Pleasant Valley, and west of State Route 288. Hell’s Hole is an area of precipitous cliffs; vegetation is grassland and chaparral. Ecoregion NA503.
Salt River Canyon Wilderness, Globe Ranger District, Tonto National Forest (60). This preserves a spectacular steep-walled canyon upstream of Theodore Roosevelt Lake on the boundary with the White Mountain Apache reservation. Ecoregion NA503.
Sierra Ancha Wilderness, Pleasant Valley Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona (60). Highlights include box canyons, vertical cliffs, and mesas covered with pines. Vegetation in lower elevations is chaparral. Ecoregion NA503.
Strawberry Crater Wilderness, Coconino NF, Arizona (61). This cinder cone erupted about 1100 CE and is located between Sunset Crater Volcano and Wupatki NM at the northeastern edge of the Coconino NF. Ecoregion NA503.
Sycamore Canyon Wilderness, Peaks Ranger District, Coconino, Kaibab, and Prescott National Forests, Arizona (57). One of Arizona’s most dramatic and beautiful canyons, Sycamore is viewed as a mini-Grand Canyon and extends for 20 miles through this wilderness. A forest of decisuous hardwoods grow along the creek in the bottom of the canyon. Ecoregion NA503.
Taylor Creek Wilderness, BLM, Utah (35). This small area adjoins the Kolob section of Zion NP and contains the Middle Fork Taylor Creek canyon. Ecoregion NA1304.
Wabayuma Peak Wilderness, BLM Kingman Field Office, Arizona (39). The Hualapai Mountains rise 5,000 feet above the desert floor and support both Sonoran and Mojave Desert vegetation, including the northernmost population of saguaro cactus. The wilderness is the area between Walnut Creek and Mackenzie Wash and east of I-40. Ecoregions NA1304, 1308 and 1310.
Wet Beaver Wilderness, Red Rock Ranger District, Coconino National Forest, Arizona (2). A perennial desert stream flows in a steep canyon lined with red cliffs. This area is part of the Beaver Creek Experimental Watershed. Ecoregion NA503.
Woodchute Wilderness, Prescott National Forest, Arizona (57). Ponderosa pine forests overlooking Jerome. Ecoregion NA503.
Zion Wilderness, Zion NP, Utah (35). Ecoregion NA1304. For description see Zion NP.
XVI. Other Federal Sites
Labyrinth Canyon, BLM Price Field Office, Utah (location 62 on map). Float trips extend 45 miles from Green River SP south to Canyonlands NP. Ecoregion NA1304.
San Rafael Swell, BLM, Utah (63). To the west of Green River, Utah, along I-70, this north-south geologic feature rises dramatically 2,000 feet out of the desert into spires, buttes, and canyons. To the north is the Little Grand Canyon of the San Rafael River, and to the south is Temple Mountain and Little Wild Horse Canyon. Ecoregion NA1304.
XVII. State and Local Sites
Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah (location 64 on map). A notch between the Moquith and Moccasin Mountains funnels wind carrying eroded sand particles. As the wind enters the open valley, it deposits sand. This is the only major sand dune area in the Colorado Plateau. Ecoregion NA1304.
Dead Horse Ranch State Park and Verde River Greenway State Natural Area, Arizona (57). Located at Cottonwood, this preserves a rare six-mile riparian corridor along the Verde River that contains a cottonwood and willow riparian gallery forest. Adjacent is a wetland known as Tavasci Marsh. There are 20 rare species including southwestern willow flycatchers and lowland leopard frog. Ecoregion NA503.
Escalante Petrified Forest State Park, Utah (65). Trails lead to petrified wood up to five feet in diameter, along with dinosaur bones. The park is also a reservoir recreation area for Wide Hollow Reservoir. Ecoregion NA1304.
Fool Hollow Lake Recreation Area, Arizona (12). This is a reservoir recreation area just north of Show Low in the Arizona state park system. Ecoregion NA503.
Green River State Park, Utah (66). This site is the put-in point for river trips down Labyrinth Canyon. The 45-mile float trip ends at Mineral Bottom near the north boundary of Canyonlands NP. Another 52 miles of floating is available through Canyonlands NP to the confluence with the Colorado River. Ecoregion NA1304.
Goblin Valley State Park, Utah (67). Eroded sandstone formations called goblins are found here. The otherworldly look made the park the site for the filming of the movie Galaxy Quest. Ecoregion NA1304.
Havasu Canyon, Havasupai Nation (68). Spectacular waterfalls are located to the west of the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park and accessible from an eight-mile trail. Ecoregion NA 1304.
Huntington State Park, Utah (38). See Huntington North Reservoir in federal recreation lakes section.
Kodachrome Basin State Park, Utah (69). The 67 eroded sandstone spires of Jurassic age are the main feature of this park surrounded by Grand Staircase National Monument (see). Trails lead to formations, Angel’s Palace, and Shakespeare Arch. Ten miles south is Grosvenor Arch, a double arch also formed in Jurassic sandstone. Ecoregion NA1304.
Lake Powell Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona-Utah (70). This park in Arizona ncludes Antelope Canyon east of Page and the East Waterholes on US 89. It also includes the land trail to Rainbow Bridge National Monument in Utah. Ecoregion NA1304.
Little Colorado River Gorge Navajo Tribal Park, Arizona (71). This park includes the Little Colorado River between Cameron and the Colorado River. Here the Little Colorado descends 2,000 feet in 30 miles. The park also includes Grand Falls, northeast of Flagstaff on the Little Colorado River. Ecoregion NA1304.
Millsite State Park, Utah (72). This reservoir recreation site also offers mountain biking in Ferron Canyon. Ecoregion NA1304.
Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, Navajo Nation (21). Famous for movie scenes of buttes and spires, Monument Valley Tribal Park is accessible from a public tour road, but a guide is needed to visit other areas. Ecoregion NA1304.
Otter Creek State Park, Utah (73). This reservoir recreation area is also a birding area. Ecoregion NA1304.
Quail Creek State Park, Utah (17). A reservoir recreation area off I-15. Ecoregion NA130?
Red Rock State Park, Arizona (45). Located downstream from Sedona on Oak Creek, this provides riparian habitat along Oak Creek and views of the red rock formations in the Sedona area. Ecoregion NA503.
Sand Hollow State Park, Utah (17). A reservoir recreation area. Ecoregion NA 1304.
Slide Rock State Park, Arizona (45). Located in Oak Creek Canyon and surrounded by the Coconino NF, the park is a historic apple farm acquired under the Homestead Act in 1910. On the adjacent national forest property is a local swimming hole and water chute with small waterfalls. Ecoregion NA503.
Tonto Natural Bridge State Park, Arizona (74). This is actually a tunnel of travertine about 400 feet long, 183 feet high, and 150 feet wide and appears as a huge cave. It is located just to the northeast of the Mazatzal Wilderness in Tonto NF. Ecoregion NA503.
Upper Verde River State Wildlife Area, Arizona (site 75). Located north of Chino Valley on route 89, this is a riparian area and migratory bird stopover site. Ecoregion NA503.
XVIII. Other Natural Sites
Autumn Buttercup Preserve, the Nature Conservancy, Utah (location 76 on map). This preserve is a restoration area for the autumn buttercup, an endangered plant which is only found in the Sevier Valley near Panguitch. Ecoregion NA1304.
Hart Prairie Preserve, The Nature Conservancy, Arizona (6). This private area surrounded by the Coconino NF protects the world’s largest Bebb willow community, along with old growth ponderosa pine and prairie dogs. Ecoregion NA503.
Kane Ranch and Two Mile Ranch, Arizona (7, 18, 54, 58). These ranches are 850,000 acres and overlay and lie adjacent to parts of the Kanab Creek Wilderness, Kaibab National Forest, and Vermilion Cliffs National Monument and are operated for landscape restoration purposes by the Grand Canyon Trust. Kane Ranch is located in the House Rock Valley and Two Mile Ranch is on the Paria Plateau. Ecoregions NA503 and NA1304.
XIX. Further Reading
Ash, Sidney. 2001. A Late Triassic Trove of Fossil Plants. Science 294:2093.
The Beaver Creek Biosphere Reserve. http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/watershed/beaver/aboutprogram.html (accessed 12/23/11).
Bloeser, Bonnie, J. William Schopf, Robert J. Horodyski, and William J. Breed. 1977. Chitinozoans from the Lake Precambrian Chuar Group of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Science 195:676-679.
Carter, Luther J. 1966. Grand Canyon: Colorado Dams Debated. Science 152:1600-1605.
Courchamp, Franck, Rosie Woodroffe and Gary Roemer. 2003. Removing Protected Populations to Save Endangered Species. Science 302:1532.
Ferguson, Gary, John Clayton and Maureen B. Keilty. 2001. Guide to America’s Outdoors: Southern Rockies. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
Govedich, Fredric R. and Bonnie A. Bain. 2005. All About the Leeches of Montezuma Well. http://www.nps.gov/moca/naturescience/upload/Montezuma_Well_Leeches.pdf (accessed 3/24/2012).
Hirsch, Karl F. et al. 1989. Upper Jurassic Dinosaur Egg from Utah. Science 243:1711-1713.
Jenkins, Farish A., Jr., A.W. Crompton, and William R. Downs. 1983. Mesozoic Mammals from Arizona: New Evidence on Mammalian Evolution. Science 222:1233-1235.
Kerr, Richard A. 1983. Volcanoes to Keep an Eye on. Science 221:634-635.
Maienschein, Jane. 1994. Pattern and Process in Early Studies of Arizona’s San Francisco Peaks. BioScience 44:479-485.
Mickelson, Debra L, Jaqueline E. Huntoon and Erik P. Kvale. 2006. The Diversity and Stratigraphic Distribution of Pre-Dinosaurian Communities from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation. Pp. 132-137 In Lucas, S.G. et al., eds. Fossils from Federal Lands. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 34.
Mohlenbrock, Robert H. 2011. Desert Wanderings. Natural History, October 2011, pp. 38-39.
Mohlenbrock, Robert H. 1987. Sycamore Canyon, Arizona. Natural History, September 1987, pp. 16-18.
Mohlenbrock, Robert H. 1986. Bradshaw Mountains, Arizona. Natural History, July 1986, pp. 30-32.
Mohlenbrock, Robert H. 1984. The Field Guide to U.S. National Forests. Congdon and Weed, Inc.
O’Gara, Geoffrey. 2000. Guide to America’s Outdoors: Far West. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
Pennisi, Elizabeth. 2004. The Grand (Canyon) Experiment. Science 306:1884-1886.
Sertich, J.J.W., and Loewen, M. 2010. A New Basal Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Southern Utah PLoS ONE, 5 (3) DOI: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009789
Sonoran Desert Naturalist. http://www.arizonensis.org/sonoran/places/index.html (accessed 12/23/11).
Stokstad, Erik. 2001. Utah’s Fossil Trove Beckons, and Tests, Researchers. Science 294:41-43
UNESCO-Man and the Biosphere Reserves Directory. http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/database.asp (accessed 5/30/11).
US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Southwest Watershed Sciences Team, Beaver Creek Experimental Watershed. http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/awa/bcew/ (accessed 12/23/11)
White, Mel. 2000. Guide to America’s Outdoors: Southwest. National Geographic Society.
World Heritage List. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list (accessed 5/22/11).
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